HVAC: Understanding Refrigerant Transitions

• New equipment installations: In 2025, most new air-conditioning and refrigeration systems must use low-GWP refrigerants.

• Servicing existing systems: While current HFC-based systems can still be repaired, reclaimed refrigerants will be required for servicing by 2028.

• Component compatibility: New refrigerants mean new components, tools and safety measures.

After understanding the background on why the change is happening and the related business impacts, the next step is taking action. HVAC contractors can follow these guidelines from Dombrosky to ensure a smooth transition.

1. Train Your Technicians on A2L Refrigerants. One of the biggest changes with the new refrigerants is their mild flammability, which requires updated safety protocols.

“Technicians can’t treat A2Ls the same way they did R-410A,” Dombrosky says. “They need to understand proper handling, leak detection, ventilation and evacuation procedures.”

HVAC businesses should invest in A2L certification courses to ensure their teams are trained before these refrigerants become widespread.

2. Upgrade Tools and Equipment. Contractors will need A2L-compatible tools, including:

• Refrigerant recovery machines specifically designed for A2Ls
• Manifolds and gauges that can handle the new pressure and flammability concerns
• Leak detectors calibrated for A2L refrigerants
• “Your existing manifolds and scales will still work, but some digital manifolds may need firmware updates,” Dombrosky notes. “And leak detection becomes even more critical with A2Ls.”

3. Plan for Rising Refrigerant Costs and Supply Constraints. With the phase down of HFC production, contractors should expect supply shortages. Some states, like California, New York and Washington, may even restrict refilling with virgin refrigerants altogether.
    “This isn’t just about new installations; it’s about how you’re going to service existing customers,” Dombrosky says. “If you don’t have a plan for refrigerant recovery and reuse, you’re going to be at a disadvantage.”
    He recommends that contractors:

• Stock up on reclaimed refrigerants to prepare for rising costs.
• Educate customers about retrofit options for existing systems.
• Adopt leak prevention practices to extend system life and reduce refrigerant waste.

4. Understand the New Compliance Deadlines. Key transition dates for these refrigerant changes include:

• Jan. 1, 2025 — R-410A, R-404A, and R-134a banned in new equipment.
• Jan. 1, 2026 — VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) systems must switch to low-GWP refrigerants.
• Jan. 1, 2028 — Reclaimed refrigerants required for servicing existing systems.